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In this study, yellow poplar, as a raw material, was subjected to pretreatment with oxalic and sulfuric acid. We then investigated the characteristics of lignin degradation and enzyme adsorption in terms of microstructural changes, depending on the pretreatment conditions. Statistical analysis revealed that the glucan and lignin content of the sulfuric acid- and oxalic acid-pretreated biomass did...
Eucalyptus nitens, a fast growing species with remarkable resistance to plagues and ability to grow in frosting zones, was employed as a raw material for chemical fractionation following a selected biorefinery scheme. E. nitens wood samples were assayed for composition, and subjected to consecutive stages of hydrothermal processing (to solubilize the hemicellulosic fraction), organosolv delignification...
Recycled pulp can be used as a potential and sustainable resource for production of fermentable monosaccharides. In this work, the effects of residual lignin and thermal drying on ultrastructure, physical properties and further enzymatic digestibility of chemical pulps were investigated. The results showed that drying process (at 105 °C for 24 h) did not significantly change the functional groups...
A novel lignin-derived deep eutectic solvent (DES) was synthesized from choline chloride (ChCl) and p-coumaric acid (PCA). The results showed that after pretreatment with lignin-derived DES, the dense cellulose–hemicellulose–lignin structure of herb residues of Cortex albiziae (HRCA) was effectively broken down and this facilitated subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. The optimum pretreatment conditions...
This study evaluates how bacterial cellulose (BC) properties influence the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis. BC was produced by the Medusomyces gisevii Sa-12 symbiotic culture in an enzymatic hydrolyzate obtained from oat hulls and was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The enzymatic hydrolysis...
Based on Hildebrand solubility parameter (δH) theory, a novel organosolv pretreatment medium (OPM), 1-pentanol (80%, v/v)–water mixture with a δH value of 27.4 (J/cm3)−1/2, was discovered. This OPM achieved near-complete removal of non-cellulosic components (hemicellulose 96.2% and lignin 87.8%) from bamboo under mild conditions [130 °C, 20 min, 4% (w/w) H2SO4]. For the OPMs with similar δH values...
An integrated process of cellulase production and pretreatment employing Piptoporus betulinus was proposed to accomplish economic feasibility of lignocellulosic ethanol. After 24 days of cultivation, the maximum loss of weight and hemicellulose of rice straw was 21.25% and 24.79%, respectively. The cellulose was degraded slightly and exposed. Furthermore, the modified lignin led to the weak interaction...
A process consisting of regeneration of crystalline cellulose, dilute-phosphoric acid hydrolysis of regenerated cellulose to soluble oligomers, and enzymatic post-hydrolysis of soluble oligomers in the absence of disturbing solid particles was evaluated as a process alternative for upgrading the obtainable sugar concentration and facilitating the long-term enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose by utilizing...
This study analyzed the hornification properties of the old newsprint fiber and its effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis and investigated the strategy for improving the hydrolysis efficiency. The results showed both of heating and vacuum can dry the fibers and cause hornification, which resulted in a significant decrease in the pore volume and the enzymatic saccharification efficiencies. A good linear...
A linear pH-responsive zwitterionic copolymer P(MDB) was synthesized from functional monomers methacrylic acid, 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMA) and benzyl methacrylate (BMA) through free radical polymerization to recover cellulases and enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis. The hydrophobicity and molecular weight of the copolymer was controlled by the feed ratio of monomers and the mass ratio...
Rice husk, a residue from agro-industrial processing, is one of the most abundant lignocellulosic feedstocks in South Brazil. In the present study, the uncatalysed steam-exploded rice husk slurry was separated into liquid and solid fractions. The liquor was efficiently hydrolysed using an enzymatic complex produced from the Penicillium echinulatum S1M29 strain, followed by lactic acid production using...
Subcritical CO2-assisted autohydrolysis pretreatment for oligosaccharides and fermentable sugars production from corn straw was investigated. The result showed that the prehydrolysate was rich in xylose, and among the xylose, about 90.2% existed in the form of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), as well as the functional XOS (DP < 5) took up about 40%. Few inhibitors were formed during the pretreatment...
Pretreatment with solid base catalysts addressed the challenge of recalcitrance of the lignocellulosic cell wall and provided insight into an economical and environmentally friendly biorefinery technology. Several solid base catalysts were prepared, to establish a reliable assessment of the factors governing their catalytic behaviors. The activity of solid base catalysts, allowing the more accessible...
Chinese fir sawdust (CFS) is an abundant potential feedstock for bio-ethanol production. However, as a sawdust from this softwood, its high recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis limits its successful application. Herein, a novel two-step pretreatment with dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment followed by sodium chlorite delignification was developed to enhance enzymatic digestibility of CFS. After dilute...
Choline chloride: lactic acid (ChCl:LA) is a promising green acidic deep eutectic solvent for biomass fractionation and lignin extraction. This study reported an efficient ChCl:LA pretreatment for delignification and xylan solubilization from biomass. Under a mild condition (30 min, 130 °C), 83.4% lignin and 80.4% xylan were selectively removed from switchgrass. The pretreated switchgrass was highly...
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